Mathematics Library

Texts and lecture notes, from first courses to research. Free to read is selected by default. Browse subject cards · Reading paths · Essays & popular mathematics

419 results · page 16 of 17

Seven Sketches in Compositionality: An Invitation to Applied Category Theory

Introduces categorical structures through applications, including order, monoidal structure, databases and compositional systems.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Seven Sketches in Compositionality: An Invitation to Applied Category Theory

Brendan Fong and David I. Spivak · Author manuscript · Introductory · English

PDF

Complete author-deposited PDF opens on arXiv.

Introduces categorical structures through applications, including order, monoidal structure, databases and compositional systems.

Preparation: Comfort with mathematical notation and proofs; elementary sets and functions.

Use: A concrete first route into category theory and its applications.

Version: arXiv v3, October 12, 2018; title page updated October 16, 2018 · Checked 2026-10-13

Six Lectures on Motives

Introduces pure motives, mixed-motive constructions and motivic cohomology in a compact course.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Six Lectures on Motives

Marc Levine · Long lecture notes · Research · English

PDF

Introduces pure motives, mixed-motive constructions and motivic cohomology in a compact course.

Preparation: Algebraic geometry; cohomology; algebraic cycles.

Use: Bridge from cycles to advanced motivic references.

Version: ICTP lecture manuscript; 61 pages · Checked 2026-10-11

Six-Functor Formalisms

Studies abstract structures governing operations on sheaf-like categories.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Six-Functor Formalisms

Peter Scholze · Long lecture notes · Research · English

PDF

Studies abstract structures governing operations on sheaf-like categories.

Preparation: Higher categories; sheaf theory; derived categories.

Use: Organize functorial tools used across modern geometry.

Version: WS 2022–23; updated October 2025 · Checked 2026-10-11

Spectral Algebraic Geometry

A research reference for spectral schemes, stacks and their sheaves. The author explicitly warns that the draft is unfinished and contains broken references.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Spectral Algebraic Geometry

Jacob Lurie · Unfinished book draft · Research · English

PDF

A research reference for spectral schemes, stacks and their sheaves. The author explicitly warns that the draft is unfinished and contains broken references.

Preparation: Higher Topos Theory; Higher Algebra; schemes.

Use: Selective reference, not a first introduction.

Version: February 2018; author labels it under construction · Checked 2026-10-11

Full-text source checked: 2026-11-03

Found via — References: Spectral Algebraic Geometry

Spectral Clustering: Seminar Notes 谱聚类

An applied seminar on graph-based clustering and its spectral interpretation, connecting matrix eigenvectors, graph Laplacians and statistical learning.

Read online
Details and sources

Spectral Clustering: Seminar Notes

Zeibniz · Course notes · Graduate · Chinese

Online text

Online lecture text; chapters can be read separately.

Original title: 谱聚类

An applied seminar on graph-based clustering and its spectral interpretation, connecting matrix eigenvectors, graph Laplacians and statistical learning.

Preparation: Linear algebra; elementary graphs and probability.

Use: Read after eigenvalues and orthogonal diagonalization; compare the derivations with von Luxburg’s tutorial.

Version: Fall 2020 seminar · Checked 2026-11-03

Stacks and Moduli

A systematic development of algebraic stacks and moduli, with substantial geometric examples. The linked version is an author draft, not a claim of a final published edition.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Stacks and Moduli

Jarod Alper · Book draft · Research · English

PDF

A systematic development of algebraic stacks and moduli, with substantial geometric examples. The linked version is an author draft, not a claim of a final published edition.

Preparation: Schemes, sheaves, commutative algebra.

Use: Study stacks after a first graduate algebraic geometry course.

Version: January 5, 2026 draft · Checked 2026-10-11

Stochastic Calculus: An Introduction with Applications

A book-length route from discrete martingales to stochastic calculus, with applications and supplementary rigorous material.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Stochastic Calculus: An Introduction with Applications

Gregory F. Lawler · Author book draft · Graduate · English

PDF

The complete PDF opens publicly from the author’s university resource page.

A book-length route from discrete martingales to stochastic calculus, with applications and supplementary rigorous material.

Preparation: Probability; calculus; measure theory for the supplementary sections.

Use: Work through a stochastic-calculus course at applied or mathematical depth.

Version: Author draft; revised February 15, 2023 · Checked 2026-10-13

Stochastic PDEs, Regularity Structures, and Interacting Particle Systems

A lecture course on singular SPDEs, regularity structures and their particle-system motivation.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Stochastic PDEs, Regularity Structures, and Interacting Particle Systems

Ajay Chandra and Hendrik Weber · Lecture notes · Research · English

PDF

The complete PDF opens publicly from the author-submitted arXiv archive.

A lecture course on singular SPDEs, regularity structures and their particle-system motivation.

Preparation: Stochastic analysis; distributions; PDEs.

Use: Bridge from introductory SPDEs to renormalized equations.

Version: arXiv v3, July 11, 2017 · Checked 2026-10-13

Stochastic processes

Countable-state Markov chains and martingales, with exercises and branching-process applications.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Stochastic processes

Nathanaël Berestycki · Lecture notes · Intermediate · English

PDF

The complete PDF opens publicly from the author’s university resource page.

Countable-state Markov chains and martingales, with exercises and branching-process applications.

Preparation: Undergraduate probability; linear algebra.

Use: Bridge from elementary probability to stochastic-process courses.

Version: February 9, 2026 · Checked 2026-10-13

Survey on L²-invariants and 3-manifolds

Relates covering-space L²-invariants to three-manifold topology, linking Betti numbers and torsion with geometric structure.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Survey on L²-invariants and 3-manifolds

Wolfgang Lück · Research survey · Research · English

PDF

The complete author-deposited PDF opens in the arXiv archive.

Relates covering-space L²-invariants to three-manifold topology, linking Betti numbers and torsion with geometric structure.

Preparation: Algebraic topology; covering spaces; three-manifolds; functional analysis helpful.

Use: Orient research reading on L²-invariants and manifold groups.

Version: arXiv v2, June 26, 2021 · Checked 2026-10-13

Tasty Bits of Several Complex Variables

A course-length tour of pseudoconvexity, CR geometry and the ∂̄-problem. Broad exposure rather than an exhaustive reference, with exercises used throughout.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

Tasty Bits of Several Complex Variables

Jiří Lebl · Textbook · Advanced · English (legacy metadata)

PDF

A course-length tour of pseudoconvexity, CR geometry and the ∂̄-problem. Broad exposure rather than an exhaustive reference, with exercises used throughout.

Preparation: One-variable complex analysis; real analysis.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

Tensor Categories

Develops the categorical setting for representation theory. A specialist continuation rather than an introductory algebra text; link to the authorized author-hosted edition.

Read online
Details and sources

Tensor Categories

Pavel Etingof, Shlomo Gelaki, Dmitri Nikshych and Victor Ostrik · Monograph · Advanced · English (legacy metadata)

Online text

Develops the categorical setting for representation theory. A specialist continuation rather than an introductory algebra text; link to the authorized author-hosted edition.

Preparation: Representation theory; category theory.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

The Calculus of Functions of Several Variables

Develops multivariable differentiation as affine approximation, then integration, change of variables, line integrals and Green's theorem.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Calculus of Functions of Several Variables

Dan Sloughter · Textbook · Intermediate · English

PDF

Author's page links the complete concatenated 260-page PDF and states a Creative Commons licence.

Develops multivariable differentiation as affine approximation, then integration, change of variables, line integrals and Green's theorem.

Preparation: Single-variable calculus and elementary vectors.

Use: Study geometric explanations alongside a multivariable calculus course.

Version: Author-hosted notes; date not stated · Checked 2026-10-13

The Distribution of Values of Zeta and L-Functions

Surveys value distributions, moments, large values and central values of zeta and L-functions, with probabilistic perspectives and research questions.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Distribution of Values of Zeta and L-Functions

Kannan Soundararajan · Research survey · Research · English

PDF

Full author-submitted PDF opened publicly in the arXiv archive.

Surveys value distributions, moments, large values and central values of zeta and L-functions, with probabilistic perspectives and research questions.

Preparation: Graduate analytic number theory, complex analysis and probability.

Use: A research-level overview after a first course on zeta and Dirichlet L-functions.

Version: arXiv v1, 6 December 2021; survey intended for ICM 2022 · Checked 2026-10-13

The Fourier Transform and its Applications

An example-driven introduction from Stanford's EE261 course. Useful for Fourier intuition and applications; follow with a measure-theoretic treatment for deeper analysis.

Read PDF
Details and sources

The Fourier Transform and its Applications

Brad Osgood · Course notes · Introductory · English (legacy metadata)

PDF

An example-driven introduction from Stanford's EE261 course. Useful for Fourier intuition and applications; follow with a measure-theoretic treatment for deeper analysis.

Preparation: Calculus, complex numbers and linear algebra.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

The Fourth Dimension

Geometric models and visual exercises explore higher-dimensional space alongside early twentieth-century speculation.

Read online Official source
Details and sources

The Fourth Dimension

Charles Howard Hinton · Historical popular mathematics · Introductory · English

Online text

Complete HTML at Project Gutenberg.

Geometric models and visual exercises explore higher-dimensional space alongside early twentieth-century speculation.

Preparation: Elementary geometry; treat physical speculation in historical context.

Use: Practice spatial imagination while reading historical popular mathematics.

Version: 1906 second edition; Project Gutenberg transcription · Checked 2026-10-13

The Geometry of Iterated Loop Spaces

Develops operadic approaches to iterated loop spaces.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Geometry of Iterated Loop Spaces

J. Peter May · Research monograph · Graduate · English

PDF

Develops operadic approaches to iterated loop spaces.

Preparation: Algebraic topology; loop spaces.

Use: Study classical foundations of operads in topology.

Version: Lecture Notes in Mathematics 271, 1972 · Checked 2026-10-11

The K-Book: An Introduction to Algebraic K-Theory

A long introduction spanning low-dimensional groups and higher algebraic K-theory.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Method of Chabauty and Coleman

Explains p-adic integration for rational points on higher-genus curves, with examples and a bad-reduction appendix.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Method of Chabauty and Coleman

William McCallum and Bjorn Poonen · Research survey · Research · English

PDF

Full PDF opened publicly on the author or university host.

Explains p-adic integration for rational points on higher-genus curves, with examples and a bad-reduction appendix.

Preparation: Algebraic curves; Jacobians; p-adic numbers.

Use: Learn an effective Diophantine method.

Version: Author-hosted notes; date not stated · Checked 2026-10-13

The Prismatization of p-adic Formal Schemes

Provides a stack-theoretic interpretation of prismatic crystals and cohomology.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Prismatization of p-adic Formal Schemes

Bhargav Bhatt and Jacob Lurie · Research paper · Research · English

PDF

Provides a stack-theoretic interpretation of prismatic crystals and cohomology.

Preparation: Prisms; formal schemes; derived stacks.

Use: Companion to Absolute Prismatic Cohomology.

Version: 2022; latest version on arXiv · Checked 2026-10-11

The pro-étale Topology for Schemes

Develops a topology suited to stronger sheaf-theoretic constructions on schemes.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The pro-étale Topology for Schemes

Bhargav Bhatt and Peter Scholze · Foundational research paper · Research · English

PDF

Develops a topology suited to stronger sheaf-theoretic constructions on schemes.

Preparation: Étale topology; sheaves; homological algebra.

Use: Background for contemporary cohomological geometry.

Version: Astérisque 369, 2015 · Checked 2026-10-11

Full-text source checked: 2026-11-03

Found via — References: The Pro-Étale Topology for Schemes

The Ricci Flow in Riemannian Geometry

A course-length introduction to Ricci flow and geometric evolution equations.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Ricci Flow in Riemannian Geometry

Ben Andrews and Christopher Hopper · Textbook / author manuscript · Graduate · English

PDF

A course-length introduction to Ricci flow and geometric evolution equations.

Preparation: Riemannian geometry; parabolic PDE.

Use: Prepare for geometric-analysis research.

Version: Author manuscript; book published 2011 · Checked 2026-10-11

The Rising Sea: Foundations of Algebraic Geometry

A broad, exercise-rich development of schemes and their geometry. The October 21, 2025 author edition closely matches the published text; substantial algebra is essential.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Rising Sea: Foundations of Algebraic Geometry

Ravi Vakil · Textbook / author edition · Advanced · English (legacy metadata)

PDF

A broad, exercise-rich development of schemes and their geometry. The October 21, 2025 author edition closely matches the published text; substantial algebra is essential.

Preparation: Commutative algebra; topology; category language.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

July 27, 2024 archive · CC BY-NC-ND 3.0; unchanged noncommercial copy.

The Stacks Project — Homological Algebra

A detailed searchable reference with stable theorem tags. Use the Homology, Derived Categories and related chapters; it is not a gentle sequential first course.

Read online
Details and sources

The Stacks Project — Homological Algebra

The Stacks Project Authors · Reference work · Advanced · English (legacy metadata)

Online text

A detailed searchable reference with stable theorem tags. Use the Homology, Derived Categories and related chapters; it is not a gentle sequential first course.

Preparation: Homological algebra and category theory.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

The Theory of Chern Classes

An early algebraic treatment of Chern classes, useful for comparing the algebraic and topological constructions.

Read PDF Official source
Details and sources

The Theory of Chern Classes

Alexander Grothendieck · Research paper · Graduate · French

PDF

Public full text; checked against the title and contents.

Original title: La théorie des classes de Chern

An early algebraic treatment of Chern classes, useful for comparing the algebraic and topological constructions.

Preparation: Algebraic vector bundles; Chow groups.

Use: Read alongside the Chern-class chapter of an intersection-theory text.

Version: 1958; Bulletin de la SMF 86, 137–154 · Checked 2026-11-03

Found via — References: La théorie des classes de Chern