Mathematics Library

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419 results · page 4 of 17

Combinatorics and Graph Theory

A first introduction to counting and graph theory in a freely readable web format. Useful for building discrete proof techniques before specialized combinatorics.

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Combinatorics and Graph Theory

David Guichard · Textbook · Introductory · English (legacy metadata)

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A first introduction to counting and graph theory in a freely readable web format. Useful for building discrete proof techniques before specialized combinatorics.

Preparation: Basic proofs and elementary algebra.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

Combinatorics: An Upper-level Introductory Course in Enumeration, Graph Theory, and Design Theory

A full undergraduate course joining counting, generating functions, graphs and combinatorial designs.

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Combinatorics: An Upper-level Introductory Course in Enumeration, Graph Theory, and Design Theory

Joy Morris · Open textbook · Intermediate · English

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The complete PDF opens publicly from the author’s university resource page.

A full undergraduate course joining counting, generating functions, graphs and combinatorial designs.

Preparation: Proof-writing; elementary algebra.

Use: First substantial combinatorics course or independent study.

Version: Version 2.1.1, March 2023 · Checked 2026-10-13

Commutative Algebra

Develops rings, ideals and modules through localization and structural commutative algebra.

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Commutative Algebra

Pete L. Clark · Long lecture notes · Graduate · English

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Develops rings, ideals and modules through localization and structural commutative algebra.

Preparation: Proof-based abstract algebra; rings and modules.

Use: Use as a graduate course and an exercise-rich reference.

Version: Author-hosted notes; date not stated · Checked 2026-10-13

Complex Analysis Lecture Notes

A course develops analytic functions, contour integration and residues before gamma and zeta functions, the prime number theorem and asymptotic analysis.

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Complex Analysis Lecture Notes

Dan Romik · Lecture notes · Graduate · English

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The complete 74-page PDF opened on the author's host.

A course develops analytic functions, contour integration and residues before gamma and zeta functions, the prime number theorem and asymptotic analysis.

Preparation: Undergraduate real analysis and familiarity with complex numbers.

Use: Connect the core complex-analysis toolkit with analytic-number-theory and asymptotic applications.

Version: April 20, 2018 · Checked 2026-10-13

Complex Analysis with Applications

Contour integration, Laurent expansions and residues lead to Fourier methods, conformal mapping and steepest-descent asymptotics.

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Complex Analysis with Applications

Jacob Shapiro · Lecture notes · Intermediate · English

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The complete 148-page PDF opened on the author's host.

Contour integration, Laurent expansions and residues lead to Fourier methods, conformal mapping and steepest-descent asymptotics.

Preparation: Multivariable calculus and basic proof-based analysis.

Use: Study complex-variable techniques with connections to transforms and applications.

Version: Spring 2024 course; last typeset May 13, 2024 · Checked 2026-10-13

Complex Cobordism and Stable Homotopy Groups of Spheres

Studies complex cobordism and computational tools in stable homotopy.

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Computability and Incompleteness

Develops formal computation, computably enumerable sets and reducibility before incompleteness, Löb’s theorem and undecidability.

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Computability and Incompleteness

Jeremy Avigad · Course notes · Intermediate · English

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Develops formal computation, computably enumerable sets and reducibility before incompleteness, Löb’s theorem and undecidability.

Preparation: Proofs and elementary mathematical logic.

Use: Follow a second course in logic from computation to incompleteness.

Version: January 9, 2007 version · Checked 2026-10-13

Concentration of Measure

Develops concentration through Gaussian measures and isoperimetric methods.

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Concentration of Measure

Nathanaël Berestycki and Richard Nickl; appendix by Ben Schlein · Lecture notes · Graduate · English

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The complete PDF opens publicly from the author’s university resource page.

Develops concentration through Gaussian measures and isoperimetric methods.

Preparation: Measure-theoretic probability; real analysis.

Use: Graduate preparation for quantitative probability.

Version: December 1, 2009 · Checked 2026-10-13

Condensed Mathematics and Complex Geometry

Develops analytic ideas through condensed methods with applications in complex geometry.

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Condensed Mathematics and Complex Geometry

Dustin Clausen and Peter Scholze · Long lecture notes · Research · English

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Develops analytic ideas through condensed methods with applications in complex geometry.

Preparation: Condensed mathematics; analytic geometry; higher algebra.

Use: Study the interface between analysis and modern geometry.

Version: Summer semester 2022 · Checked 2026-10-11

Condensed Mathematics: Seminar Notes 凝聚态数学

Chinese seminar notes on condensed mathematics and analytic rings, with corrections and comparisons to the cited versions of the original lecture notes.

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Condensed Mathematics: Seminar Notes

唐珑珂、李一笑 · Course notes · Research · Chinese

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Online lecture text; chapters can be read separately.

Original title: 凝聚态数学

Chinese seminar notes on condensed mathematics and analytic rings, with corrections and comparisons to the cited versions of the original lecture notes.

Preparation: Sheaves, homological algebra and higher categories.

Use: Read after the basic sheaf and derived-category language; use the original references for version comparisons.

Version: Spring 2021 seminar · Checked 2026-11-03

Conservative Partially Hyperbolic Dynamics

Surveys stable ergodicity, accessibility, center exponents and rigidity in volume-preserving partial hyperbolicity.

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Conservative Partially Hyperbolic Dynamics

Amie Wilkinson · Research survey · Research · English

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The complete PDF opens publicly from the author-submitted arXiv archive.

Surveys stable ergodicity, accessibility, center exponents and rigidity in volume-preserving partial hyperbolicity.

Preparation: Smooth dynamics; invariant measures; Lyapunov exponents.

Use: Orient advanced study of partially hyperbolic systems.

Version: arXiv v1, April 29, 2010 · Checked 2026-10-13

Consistency of Spectral Clustering

Studies limiting operators and the consistency of normalized and unnormalized spectral clustering for random samples.

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Consistency of Spectral Clustering

Ulrike von Luxburg, Mikhail Belkin and Olivier Bousquet · Research paper · Graduate · English

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Public full text; checked against the title and contents.

Studies limiting operators and the consistency of normalized and unnormalized spectral clustering for random samples.

Preparation: Probability; functional analysis; spectral clustering.

Use: Compare the normalized consistency result in Section 5 with the unnormalized case in Section 7.

Version: arXiv 0804.0678; inspected electronic version · Checked 2026-11-03

Found via — References: Consistency of Spectral Clustering

Constructive Reverse Mathematics

Surveys the logical strength of mathematical statements in constructive settings, organized by principles such as omniscience and Markov’s principle.

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Constructive Reverse Mathematics

Hannes Diener · Research survey · Research · English

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Complete author-deposited PDF opens on arXiv.

Surveys the logical strength of mathematical statements in constructive settings, organized by principles such as omniscience and Markov’s principle.

Preparation: Mathematical logic, real analysis and familiarity with constructive reasoning.

Use: Compare constructive principles through equivalences and counterexamples.

Version: Version 1.3; arXiv v3, April 4, 2020 · Checked 2026-10-13

Course on Mazur's Theorem

Develops elliptic curves, group schemes, modular curves and Hecke algebras toward rational torsion classification.

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Course on Mazur's Theorem

Andrew Snowden · Online lecture course · Research · English

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Official 23-lecture HTML index and full text of lectures 2 and 23 read through the web source reader; a separate automated GET encountered a challenge.

Develops elliptic curves, group schemes, modular curves and Hecke algebras toward rational torsion classification.

Preparation: Algebraic geometry; elliptic curves; Galois theory.

Use: Read a proof-oriented modular-arithmetic seminar.

Version: Michigan Math 679, Fall 2013 · Checked 2026-10-13

D-Manifolds and D-Orbifolds: A Theory of Derived Differential Geometry

The complete available preliminary manuscript develops virtual smooth geometry. The author warns that later published definitions differ; it is not the final OUP book.

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D-Manifolds and D-Orbifolds: A Theory of Derived Differential Geometry

Dominic Joyce · Book draft · Research · English

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The complete available preliminary manuscript develops virtual smooth geometry. The author warns that later published definitions differ; it is not the final OUP book.

Preparation: Smooth manifolds; C∞-schemes; category theory.

Use: Detailed study of derived smooth objects.

Version: 2012 preliminary version, 768 pages · Checked 2026-10-11

Deligne’s Notes on Nagata Compactifications

A detailed exposition of Nagata compactification, explaining Deligne’s scheme-theoretic proof and related applications to rational maps and blow-ups.

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Deligne’s Notes on Nagata Compactifications

Brian Conrad · Expository research paper · Research · English

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Public full text; checked against the title and contents.

A detailed exposition of Nagata compactification, explaining Deligne’s scheme-theoretic proof and related applications to rational maps and blow-ups.

Preparation: Schemes, proper morphisms and blow-ups.

Use: Use the introduction to fix the hypotheses before following the proof.

Version: 2007 paper; author manuscript, 34 pages · Checked 2026-11-03

Found via — References: Deligne’s notes on Nagata compactifications

Derived Algebraic Geometry

An overview of derived geometry, deformation theory and its connections with quantization.

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Derived Algebraic Geometry

Bertrand Toën · Survey · Research · English

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An overview of derived geometry, deformation theory and its connections with quantization.

Preparation: Schemes; homological algebra; category theory.

Use: Orient a reading programme before technical monographs.

Version: 2014; latest version on arXiv · Checked 2026-10-11

Derived Smooth Manifolds

Constructs derived manifolds using homotopical sheaf-theoretic methods.

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Derived Smooth Manifolds

David I. Spivak · Foundational research paper · Research · English

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Constructs derived manifolds using homotopical sheaf-theoretic methods.

Preparation: Differential topology; simplicial homotopy theory.

Use: Compare another foundation for derived differential geometry.

Version: 2008 / Duke 2010; latest version on arXiv · Checked 2026-10-11

Descriptive Set Theory

Covers Polish spaces, Borel and analytic sets, effective hierarchies, determinacy and Borel equivalence relations.

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Descriptive Set Theory

David Marker · Course notes · Graduate · English

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Covers Polish spaces, Borel and analytic sets, effective hierarchies, determinacy and Borel equivalence relations.

Preparation: Topology, mathematical logic and elementary set theory.

Use: Bridge classical descriptive set theory and classification by equivalence relations.

Version: Fall 2002 course notes · Checked 2026-10-13

Descriptive Set Theory and Forcing: How to Prove Theorems about Borel Sets the Hard Way

Uses forcing methods to study Borel hierarchies, analytic sets, separation theorems and Gandy forcing.

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Descriptive Set Theory and Forcing: How to Prove Theorems about Borel Sets the Hard Way

Arnold W. Miller · Lecture notes · Research · English

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Complete author-deposited PDF opens on arXiv.

Uses forcing methods to study Borel hierarchies, analytic sets, separation theorems and Gandy forcing.

Preparation: Elementary mathematical logic and prior knowledge of forcing.

Use: Study descriptive set theory from a forcing-oriented perspective.

Version: arXiv v1, January 6, 1994; Spring 1993 course · Checked 2026-10-13

Differential Equations and Linear Algebra: A Course for Science and Engineering

An applied first course combines first-order equations, numerical methods, linear algebra, oscillations, Laplace transforms, phase planes, systems and series solutions.

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Differential Equations and Linear Algebra: A Course for Science and Engineering

Grant B. Gustafson · Textbook · Introductory · English

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The author page permits personal and educational use and links the complete textbook PDF.

An applied first course combines first-order equations, numerical methods, linear algebra, oscillations, Laplace transforms, phase planes, systems and series solutions.

Preparation: Single-variable calculus; linear algebra is developed within the text.

Use: Build computational and modelling foundations for later differential-equations courses.

Version: Author's August 2022 release; copyright 1999–2022 · Checked 2026-10-13

Differential Geometry: A First Course in Curves and Surfaces

Develops curves, surface curvature, geodesics and Gauss–Bonnet, with exercises and selected solutions. Later sections introduce hyperbolic geometry and variational problems.

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Differential Geometry: A First Course in Curves and Surfaces

Theodore Shifrin · Textbook · Intermediate · English

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The complete PDF opens on the author’s or university’s public site.

Develops curves, surface curvature, geodesics and Gauss–Bonnet, with exercises and selected solutions. Later sections introduce hyperbolic geometry and variational problems.

Preparation: Multivariable calculus; linear algebra; elementary ODE.

Use: Study before abstract Riemannian geometry.

Version: April 2021 · Checked 2026-10-13

Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction

Exercises connect proof-writing with graphs, counting and sequences.

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Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction

Oscar Levin · Textbook · Introductory · English

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CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; follow the author’s licence.

Exercises connect proof-writing with graphs, counting and sequences.

Preparation: School algebra; willingness to write proofs.

Use: A first discrete-mathematics course.

Version: Fourth edition, 2025 · Checked 2026-10-11

Distributions, Elliptic Regularity, and Applications to PDEs

Develops distributions and elliptic methods through applications including Hodge theory. These graduate notes are a specialized analytic path, not an elementary PDE survey.

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Distributions, Elliptic Regularity, and Applications to PDEs

Semyon Dyatlov · Course notes · Advanced · English (legacy metadata)

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Develops distributions and elliptic methods through applications including Hodge theory. These graduate notes are a specialized analytic path, not an elementary PDE survey.

Preparation: Real and functional analysis; Fourier analysis.

Legacy entry retained from October 8, 2026

Does One Have to Be a Genius to Do Maths?

Discusses the roles of learning, persistence and cooperation in mathematical research.

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Does One Have to Be a Genius to Do Maths?

Terence Tao · Mathematical essay · Introductory · English

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Full text on the author’s website or archive.

Discusses the roles of learning, persistence and cooperation in mathematical research.

Preparation: No university mathematics required.

Use: Read a personal perspective on developing mathematical ability.

Version: Author’s online essay; current page checked October 2026 · Checked 2026-10-13