Radon–Nikodym Theorem
Absolute continuity lets one sigma-finite measure be expressed by integrating a density against another. Read the accompanying Lebesgue decomposition to distinguish this density from the mutually singular part.
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John K. Hunter · Lecture notes · English · Free full text
§6.8 Radon-Nikodym theorem, Theorem 6.27 (Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym theorem)
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