Serre Fibration
Lifting homotopies from disks relates the homotopy groups of a fiber, total space, and base. The long exact sequence extends the lifting viewpoint already familiar from covering spaces.
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Where to read
Start here: Algebraic Topology
Allen Hatcher · Book · English · Free full text
§4.2, Fiber Bundles, Theorem 4.41 and the subsequent definition of Serre fibration, printed pp. 375–376
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Algebraic Topology & Homotopy Theory in the library · Preparation and skip guidance